Robolectric

Robolectric is a unit test framework that de-fangs the Android SDK jar so you can test-drive the development of your Android app. Tests run inside the JVM on your workstation in seconds. With Robolectric you can write tests like this:

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// Test class for MyActivity @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
public class MyActivityTest {
 
  @Test   public void clickingButton_shouldChangeResultsViewText()
throws Exception {
  Activity activity = Robolectric.buildActivity(MyActivity.class).create().get();
    Button pressMeButton = (Button) activity.findViewById(R.id.press_me_button);
    TextView results = (TextView) activity.findViewById(R.id.results_text_view);

    pressMeButton.performClick();
    String resultsText = results.getText().toString();
    assertThat(resultsText, equalTo("Testing Android Rocks!"));   } }

Robolectric makes this possible by rewriting Android SDK classes as they’re being loaded and making it possible for them to run on a regular JVM.

Setup in Android Studio

Step 1:

读取sdk所在目录, 通过local.properties 

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repositories {  
def androidHome = System.getenv("ANDROID_HOME")  
 if(androidHome == null) {   
   Properties props = new Properties()    
  props.load(new FileInputStream("${projectDir.getParent()}/local.properties"))    
    androidHome = props.getProperty("sdk.dir")    
 }   
 maven {    
     url "$androidHome/extras/android/m2repository/"    
 }   
}

Step 2:

设置robolectric的配置文件,指定res与manifest所在目录 

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manifest: xxxxxxx   
resourceDir: xxxxx
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sourceSets {  
test {  
    // Fix for running tests through AndroidStudio   
    // Make sure our resources are on our classpath    
    output.dir(output.resourcesDir, builtBy: "processTestResources")   
  }   
}

Step 3

配置Debug属性

增加Gradle任务并设置JUnit运行目录, 添加增加的Gradle任务在Make之前,进行编译
cmd + , 进入工程配置
Gradle Set
Junit Set

如果不想通过配置文件指定位置,可以通过重写方法,写死路径来指定Android项目的Manifest与Res位置
如:

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public class ApplicationTestRunner extends RobolectricTestRunner {

    //Maximun SDK Robolectric will compile (issues with SDK > 18)
    private static final int MAX_SDK_SUPPORTED_BY_ROBOLECTRIC = 18;

    private static final String ANDROID_MANIFEST_PATH = "../app/build/intermediates/manifests/full/unittest/debug/AndroidManifest.xml";
    private static final String ANDROID_MANIFEST_RES_PATH = "../app/build/intermediates/res/unittest/debug";

    /**
     * Call this constructor to specify the location of resources and AndroidManifest.xml.
     *
     * @throws org.junit.runners.model.InitializationError
     */
    public ApplicationTestRunner(Class<?> testClass) throws InitializationError {
        super(testClass);
    }

    @Override
    protected AndroidManifest getAppManifest(Config config) {
        return new AndroidManifest(Fs.fileFromPath(ANDROID_MANIFEST_PATH),
                Fs.fileFromPath(ANDROID_MANIFEST_RES_PATH)) {
            @Override
            public int getTargetSdkVersion() {
                return MAX_SDK_SUPPORTED_BY_ROBOLECTRIC;
            }
        };
    }
}

All done

参考
http://robolectric.org/